5 Major Electrical Hazards and How to Prevent Them

5 Major Electrical Hazards and How to Prevent Them

Key Takeaways:

Always use approved and certified electrical equipment. If any device is damaged, remove it from service immediately.

Electrocution is a leading cause of fatalities in the construction industry. In 2015, the U.S. reported 134 electrocution deaths. If we know electricity is dangerous, why do these incidents remain so common? More importantly, what can we do to reduce these statistics?

Electricity is so pervasive that it often doesn’t get the respect it deserves. When a hazard is identified in the workplace, it’s crucial to implement control measures to protect workers.

(Explore more about controls in The Hierarchy of Hazard Controls.)

Here are the top five electrical hazards and tips on how to avoid them:

Contact with Power Lines

Power lines, both overhead and underground, can carry extremely high voltages—sometimes over 700,000 volts! The main risk is electrocution, but severe burns and falls from heights are also concerns if equipment contacts a power line.

How to Avoid This Hazard:

Always be aware of power line locations when working outdoors.

Maintain a distance of at least ten feet from overhead power lines, and ensure equipment stays at this distance as well.

Use non-conductive ladders, such as those made of wood or fiberglass, when working near power lines.

Before digging, check for underground power lines by looking for markers and contacting your utility company.

If working near a power line, contact the utility company to possibly de-energize the line or to set up protective measures.

Lack of Ground-Fault Protection

Ground-fault hazards arise from worn power tools and equipment, leading to exposed wires and potential electric shocks.

How to Avoid This Hazard:

Inspect equipment and power tools before each use. Make this a routine part of your work.

Tag and remove unsafe equipment from service until repaired.

Use power tools according to the manufacturer’s instructions and avoid modifications.

Install GFCIs (ground-fault circuit interrupters) on all 120-volt, single-phase, 15- and 20-amp receptacles.

Missing or Discontinuous Ground Path

This occurs when electrical equipment is not properly grounded, or the grounding path is interrupted. It can happen even with well-maintained equipment due to harsh conditions or rough handling.

How to Avoid This Hazard:

Ensure all power supplies, circuits, and equipment are properly grounded.

Regularly inspect electrical systems to verify continuous grounding. For complex systems, consult a certified professional.

Never remove ground prongs from power cords. Use double-insulated tools and equipment.

Ground all exposed metal parts of equipment and non-electrical equipment as required by OSHA or relevant regulations.

Improper Use of Equipment

Using tools or equipment for purposes they were not designed for can compromise their safety features and create hazards.

How to Avoid This Hazard:

Use only equipment approved by safety regulatory agencies like OSHA.

Follow manufacturer instructions for equipment use and avoid modifying cords or equipment.

Ensure any fabricated equipment or cords meet all regulatory safety standards.

Improper Use of Extension or Flexible Cords

Wear and tear on cords can expose wires and create shock hazards. Modified cords also increase shock risk unless they meet safety standards.

How to Avoid This Hazard:

Use only factory-assembled cord sets and three-wire extension cords.

Select extension cords that are rated for their intended use. OSHA requires three-wire cords designed for hard or extra-hard usage, marked with letters such as S, SE, SO, and ST.

Remove cords from receptacles by pulling the plugs, not the cords.

Regularly inspect all extension and flexible cords for damage and replace those that are damaged or improperly rated immediately.

Promote Electrical Safety:

Electricity is integral to our daily lives, but complacency can lead to accidents. Develop safe work habits to prevent electrical hazards and incorporate electrical safety into your standard work instructions.

When in doubt, consult a certified electrician. With nearly one electrical fatality occurring daily, it’s crucial to proactively integrate electrical safety into your safety management system.